Light Therapy for Wrinkles

Protocols Studied in Research

[1] Non-ablative radiofrequency (RF) with or without low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for facial wrinkles in adult women. (Cited by: 1) (pmid: 27997267)

• Protocol: A randomized, single-blind clinical trial comparing RF alone, RF+LLLT, and a control group (n=46). Treatments were administered over an eight-week period, with assessments at baseline, eight weeks, and eight weeks post-treatment.
• Outcome: While wrinkle classification showed no significant changes, RF alone showed improved aesthetic appearance of nasolabial folds compared to the control group. Adding LLLT to RF did not enhance the results.

[2] Photobiomodulation (PBM) using a red light-emitting diode mask for facial rejuvenation. (Cited by: 0) (pmid: 36749255)

• Protocol: A randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial comparing the efficacy of twice-weekly versus thrice-weekly PBM applications (660 nm, 6.4 mW/cm², 8.02 J/cm²) for 4 weeks in 45-60-year-old women. A sham PBM group served as a control.
• Outcome: The abstract does not present results; it only describes the study protocol and planned analyses including wrinkle assessment, image analysis, and participant satisfaction surveys.

[3] Combined red photobiomodulation (PBM) and polydioxanone (PDO) threads for glabellar wrinkle reduction. (Cited by: 0) (pmid: 38934100)

• Protocol: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial on 40 individuals with moderate to severe glabellar wrinkles. PDO threads were implanted, with one group receiving concurrent red LED PBM (1.35 J, 630 nm) twice weekly for nine sessions. Ultrasound measured dermal thickness and thread degradation.
• Outcome: No significant benefit from adding PBM to PDO threads was found in reducing wrinkles, increasing dermal thickness, or accelerating thread degradation. Lack of post-procedure swelling prevented assessment of PBM's effect on this aspect.

[4] Red LED photobiomodulation (PBM) at different frequencies for facial rejuvenation. (Cited by: 0) (pmid: 40167796)

• Protocol: A randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind trial of 95 women (45-60 years) comparing 3 weekly vs. 2 weekly PBM sessions for 4 weeks. Wrinkles were assessed using WAS and ImageJ, and satisfaction via FACE-Q.
• Outcome: Both PBM frequencies significantly reduced glabellar and right periorbital wrinkles and improved patient satisfaction compared to sham. Two weekly sessions appeared sufficient for positive outcomes.

[5] ANT1 soybean extract cream for adverse effects after Nd:YAG laser treatment. (Cited by: 0) (pmid: 29369914)

• Protocol: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 45 Asian women (25-40 years old) receiving 3 Nd:YAG laser treatments. ANT1 cream was applied post-laser, with skin assessed using VISIA complexion analysis.
• Outcome: ANT1 cream, particularly at higher concentrations, significantly reduced wrinkles and redness post-laser, improving overall skin condition and recovery time compared to placebo. Improvements in spots and pores were also observed.

[6] Low-level light therapy (630nm LED and 850nm IRED) for crow's feet reduction. (Cited by: 0) (pmid: 39960921)

• Protocol: A double-blind, sham-controlled, randomized clinical trial with 60 Asian participants (ages 30-65) used LED/IRED masks or sham devices for 16 weeks. Efficacy was assessed using crow's feet grading scales and global aesthetic improvement scales.
• Outcome: LED/IRED phototherapy significantly improved crow's feet appearance compared to the sham group at 8, 12, and 16 weeks, demonstrating efficacy, safety, and tolerability.

[7] 1072 nm light treatment for skin aging (wrinkles, fine lines, under-eye bags). (Cited by: 3) (pmid: 17852628)

• Protocol: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, self-reported trial. Participants received daily 1072 nm light treatment around the eyes for 6-8 weeks.
• Outcome: 52-57% of participants reported improvement in wrinkles/fine lines, and 37-46% reported improvement in under-eye bags, with statistically significant results for under-eye bags. The 1072 nm light showed efficacy as an anti-aging agent.

[8] 660 nm red LED light therapy and 411-777 nm white LED light therapy for facial wrinkles. (Cited by: 2) (pmid: 28195844)

• Protocol: A 12-week, randomized, double-blind, comparative clinical trial of 52 women. Participants received daily 5.17 J irradiations of either red or white LEDs.
• Outcome: Both red and white LED light therapies significantly improved periocular wrinkles. Red LED therapy showed slightly better, but not statistically significant, improvement compared to white LED therapy.

[9] Combination therapy of intense pulsed light (IPL), near-infrared (NIR) light, and fractional erbium YAG laser for skin rejuvenation in Asian individuals. (Cited by: 5) (pmid: 26266401)

• Protocol: A prospective, multi-center, randomized study in China with 113 participants. Participants received either combination therapy (full face) or IPL monotherapy (half face) for five sessions over 90 days, with 1- and 3-month post-treatment follow-ups.
• Outcome: Combination therapy demonstrated significantly greater improvement in wrinkles, skin texture, pigment spots, and pore size compared to IPL monotherapy at 1 and 3 months post-treatment, proving a safe and more effective approach to skin rejuvenation in Asian individuals.

[10] Non-ablative fractional Q-switched 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser for mild-to-moderate photodamaged skin. (Cited by: 6) (pmid: 24215422)

• Protocol: A study of ten women (ages 35-53) with photodamaged skin received four treatments with a fractional Q-switched 1064-nm laser at 2-4 week intervals. Assessments were made at baseline and 1 and 3 months post-treatment.
• Outcome: The laser treatment showed improvements in hyperpigmentation, telangiectasias, laxity, skin roughness, and actinic keratoses. Sixty percent of subjects showed at least a one-point improvement on the Glogau scale. The treatment was deemed safe and effective with minimal side effects.

[11] Fractional bipolar radiofrequency (RF) energy for acne scars. (Cited by: 11) (pmid: 22548644)

• Protocol: A prospective study of 15 subjects (mostly women) with mild-to-moderate acne scars received three monthly treatments with a fractional bipolar RF device. Efficacy and tolerance were assessed at each visit and at 1- and 3-month follow-ups.
• Outcome: Fractional bipolar RF energy significantly reduced acne scar severity at 1 and 3 months post-treatment. The treatment was well-tolerated, with minimal adverse effects. Patient satisfaction was high.

[12] 1064-nm Nd:YAG picosecond laser with fractional micro-lens array (P-MLA) vs. electro-optical synergy (ELOS) for post-acne erythema (PAE). (Cited by: 0) (pmid: 39907828)

• Protocol: A prospective, randomized, split-face trial involving 20 Asian patients (Fitzpatrick skin types III-VI) with PAE. Participants received three treatments of either P-MLA or ELOS at 4-week intervals. Efficacy was assessed using clinical evaluation, VISIA skin analysis, and patient satisfaction.
• Outcome: P-MLA demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing PAE lesion counts and erythema compared to ELOS, with similar safety profiles and patient satisfaction. VISIA analysis showed greater improvement in redness, wrinkles, and pigmentation with P-MLA.

[13] Minimally invasive nonthermal laser-induced optical breakdown for skin rejuvenation (wrinkle and fine-line reduction). (Cited by: 8) (pmid: 22890872)

• Protocol: A pilot in vivo study on five subjects used near-infrared laser pulses to create intradermal lesions without epidermal damage. Efficacy was assessed objectively and subjectively post-treatment.
• Outcome: The treatment demonstrated wrinkle and fine-line reduction in four out of five subjects, with improvements described as "minor" to "significant." The procedure was reported as painless and without side effects or downtime.

[14] IPL-photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a liposomal 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) spray for periorbital wrinkles in Asian skin. (Cited by: 8) (pmid: 24913131)

• Protocol: A randomized, split-face study where one side of the face received IPL-PDT and the other received long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser. Three treatments were given over three weeks. Skin fluorescence guided PDT treatment.
• Outcome: PDT showed statistically significant wrinkle reduction in the lower and lateral periorbital areas compared to the laser treatment. While one patient dropped out due to erythema, the overall side effects were minimal, suggesting PDT as a promising, though modestly effective, wrinkle treatment.

[15] Combination LED light therapy (633 nm and 830 nm) for facial skin rejuvenation (photoaging). (Cited by: 31) (pmid: 16414908)

• Protocol: A prospective study of 31 subjects with facial rhytids received nine treatments using the Omnilux LED system with specified wavelengths and fluences. Outcomes were assessed via profilometry, photography, and patient satisfaction scores at weeks 9 and 12.
• Outcome: Combination red and near-infrared LED therapy showed significant improvement in skin surface parameters and wrinkle reduction at 12 weeks. A majority of subjects reported significant improvement in periorbital wrinkles and photoaging scores. Further optimization of treatment parameters is suggested.

[16] Mass-market skincare system (SSR) vs. non-ablative fractional laser (NFL) for facial photodamage. (Cited by: 0) (pmid: 28095549)

• Protocol: A split-face, evaluator-blinded study of 18 subjects. One side of the face received the SSR regimen (twice daily), the other side received 3 NFL treatments at 4-week intervals. Physician evaluators assessed hyperpigmentation, global photoaging, and fine lines/wrinkles.
• Outcome: Both SSR and NFL treatments showed comparable improvement in facial photodamage. NFL showed slightly better results for global photoaging and fine lines/wrinkles, while SSR was preferred by subjects for certain aspects like smoothness and overall improvement. Many subjects continued using SSR post-study.

[17] Electro-Optic (EO) Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (single pulse vs. double pulse) for photodamaged skin. (Cited by: 0) (pmid: 20886505)

• Protocol: A prospective, randomized, split-face study of 16 subjects with photoaging received 6 bi-weekly treatments. One side of the face received single-pulse laser treatment, the other received double-pulse. Investigators and subjects assessed improvement in various skin parameters.
• Outcome: The EO Q-switched Nd:YAG laser improved photodamaged skin. Double-pulse mode showed comparable efficacy to single-pulse, but with significantly less patient discomfort (stinging/burning).

[18] Cryptomphalus aspersa secretion (SCA) 40% cosmetic treatment in conjunction with non-ablative fractional laser for moderate photoaging. (Cited by: 7) (pmid: 31222893)

• Protocol: A randomized, double-blind, split-face trial on 20 patients with moderate photoaging. Patients received two non-ablative laser treatments; one hemiface received SCA 40%, the other a vehicle, immediately post-laser and daily for 28 days.
• Outcome: SCA 40% significantly improved clinical results compared to the vehicle, reducing microcolumn density, improving elasticity and hydration, and minimizing side effects like erythema and dryness. The combination therapy enhanced laser treatment effectiveness for skin aging.

[19] IPL-NAFL and PSAL-DLA for facial photoaging in Chinese women. (Cited by: 0) (pmid: 39950332)

• Protocol: A randomized, split-face study comparing IPL-NAFL and PSAL-DLA in 17 Chinese women. Each received three treatments on half their face, with one month between treatments. Outcomes were assessed 3 months post-treatment.
• Outcome: IPL-NAFL showed better pore reduction, while PSAL-DLA was more effective for brown spots. PSAL-DLA resulted in higher patient satisfaction, shorter recovery, and lower PIH incidence, despite being less painful.

[20] Nd:YAG 1320-nm laser treatment for periocular wrinkles (skin rejuvenation). (Cited by: 5) (pmid: 21609211)

• Protocol: A prospective study of six volunteers (Fitzpatrick skin types III and IV, Glogau class I-II wrinkles) received six sessions of Nd:YAG 1320-nm laser treatment over 3 months. Clinical photos and skin biopsies were taken at baseline, 3, and 6 months.
• Outcome: Nd:YAG 1320-nm laser treatment showed clinically and histologically significant improvement in periocular wrinkles. Increased collagen types I, III, VII, and tropoelastin were observed, despite a decrease in total elastin. The treatment stimulated skin repair processes.

[21] Picosecond 755 nm alexandrite laser with a novel diffractive lens array for treating wrinkles from photodamage. (Cited by: 13) (pmid: 27681221)

• Protocol: A prospective study of 40 women with photodamaged wrinkles received four facial treatments at monthly intervals. Six participants underwent biopsies at various time points. Blinded physicians assessed photographic images for wrinkle improvement and adverse events.
• Outcome: The intervention showed significant improvement in wrinkle severity (Fitzpatrick score reduction of 1.97 points) and high patient satisfaction (90% extremely or satisfied). The treatment was deemed safe with only transient erythema.

[22] Fractional bipolar radiofrequency treatment for skin texture, fine lines, and wrinkles in Fitzpatrick skin types V-VI. (Cited by: 7) (pmid: 22658062)

• Protocol: A study of 15 subjects (skin types V and VI, aged 40-64) received three full-face treatments with a fractionated bipolar radiofrequency device (Syneron Inc.) at 30-day intervals. Safety and efficacy were assessed by investigators at each treatment and 90 days post-treatment.
• Outcome: Statistically significant improvement in wrinkles, texture, and fine lines was observed with no adverse events like hyper- or hypopigmentation. The device was deemed safe and effective for skin rejuvenation in skin types V-VI.

[23] 585 nm pulsed dye laser and broadband pulsed white light irradiation for increasing dermal collagen production (reducing wrinkles). (Cited by: 2) (pmid: 12470517)

• Protocol: The study used a radioimmunoassay to measure type III procollagen levels in suction blister fluid after single and double treatments of 585 nm laser and broadband light at varying energy levels. No participant details are provided in the abstract.
• Outcome: The 585 nm laser significantly increased type III procollagen production (up to 148%), while the broadband light showed a smaller, statistically insignificant increase. Vascular-specific light interaction appears crucial for collagen stimulation.

[24] Combined fractional microneedle radiofrequency (FMR) and nonablative 1927-nm fractional thulium fiber laser (TFL) treatment for wrinkles. (Cited by: 1) (pmid: 32804892)

• Protocol: A prospective, split-face study on 25 patients with wrinkles. One side received FMR alone, the other FMR+TFL. Three treatment sessions were given four weeks apart, with 12-week follow-up. Assessments included patient and investigator global assessments, and 3D imaging.
• Outcome: Combined FMR+TFL treatment showed significantly greater improvement in wrinkle reduction compared to FMR alone, as measured by multiple assessment methods. The combination demonstrated a synergistic effect.

[25] Fractional CO2 laser treatment for periorbital wrinkles, skin laxity, and eyebrow elevation. (Cited by: 3) (pmid: 20120420)

• Protocol: A prospective study of 100 subjects with periorbital wrinkles and dermatochalasis received 1-4 fractional CO2 laser treatments. Improvement was assessed photographically and by eyebrow elevation measurement.
• Outcome: Fractional CO2 laser treatment showed moderate improvement in periorbital wrinkles and eyebrow elevation in a significant portion of subjects, with high satisfaction and minimal side effects.

[26] Combined broadband light (BBL) pretreatment and low-fluence erbium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Er:YAG) laser resurfacing for various pigmentation disorders in Asian patients. (Cited by: 0) (pmid: 30825265)

• Protocol: A prospective study of 35 Korean patients with pigmentation disorders. Patients received BBL pretreatment followed by low-fluence Er:YAG laser resurfacing (1.0-1.5 J/cm²).
• Outcome: The combined treatment effectively improved pigmentation lesions and overall skin tone, texture, and wrinkles with minimal side effects, requiring an average of only 1.1 treatment sessions.

[27] Single-pass short-pulse erbium:YAG laser treatment for mild to moderate photodamage. (Cited by: 5) (pmid: 15274695)

• Protocol: A study of 20 patients with photodamage who received a single-pass erbium:YAG laser treatment to the face and neck, with multiple passes in some areas. Two different lasers were used.
• Outcome: The single-pass laser treatment showed significant improvement in pigmentary irregularities and skin texture. Minimal improvement in wrinkles was seen with one pass, more with multiple passes. Side effects were mild and temporary.

[28] Combined diode laser (900 nm) and radiofrequency (RF) treatment for facial and neck wrinkles (grades II-IV). (Cited by: 6) (pmid: 16336889)

• Protocol: A two-center study of 23 patients with moderate to severe wrinkles. Patients received up to three treatment sessions of combined laser and RF energy at 2-3 week intervals. Wrinkle improvement was assessed using the Glogau scale and photographs.
• Outcome: The combined diode laser and RF treatment demonstrated a greater than 50% wrinkle improvement in over half of participants and noticeable improvement in skin texture for all. The treatment was deemed safe and effective.

Research Interpretation: Summary and Conclusion

Multiple studies investigated light therapy's efficacy in wrinkle reduction, employing diverse protocols including LED/IRED, PBM, lasers (Nd:YAG, Er:YAG, CO2), IPL, and RF, often in combination with other treatments like topical creams or threads. While several studies demonstrated statistically significant wrinkle reduction with various light-based therapies, particularly LED/IRED and certain laser types, the magnitude of improvement varied considerably. Some studies showed added benefit from combining light therapy with other modalities (e.g., RF, topical agents), while others found no significant advantage over control or monotherapy. Inconsistencies in treatment parameters (wavelength, fluence, frequency) and assessment methods hinder direct comparison. Overall, the evidence suggests that specific light therapies can contribute to wrinkle reduction, but optimal protocols require further investigation to standardize treatment parameters and improve efficacy predictability. Further research should focus on optimizing treatment parameters, identifying specific patient populations who may benefit most, and developing standardized outcome measures.

Publications

[1] Pereira TRC; Vassao PG; Venancio MG; Renno ACM; Aveiro MC (2017). Non-ablative radiofrequency associated or not with low-level laser therapy on the treatment of facial wrinkles in adult women: A randomized single-blind clinical trial Journal of cosmetic and laser therapy : official publication of the European Society for Laser Dermatology 19 (3) :133-139.

[2] Bragato EF; Pires JA; Momolli M; Guerra MB; Paisano AF; Ferrari RAM; Bussadori SK; Motta LJ; Fernandes KPS (2023). Comparison of the effects of 2 frequencies of application of photobiomodulation on facial rejuvenation: Controlled, randomized, and double-blind clinical trial Medicine 102 (5) :e32514.

[3] Garcia PC; Meireles DP; Tassinary JAF; Pavani C (2024). Combining red photobiomodulation therapy with polydioxanone threads for wrinkle reduction in the glabella region: A randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial Journal of biophotonics 17 (8) :e202400139.

[4] Bragato EF; Paisano AF; Pavani C; Motta LJ; Varellis MLZ; Chiedde M; da Silva GA; Bussadori SK; Mesquita-Ferrari RA; Fernandes KPS (2025). Role of photobiomodulation application frequency in facial rejuvenation: randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind, clinical trial Lasers in medical science 40 (1) :170.

[5] Hsieh MC; Wu YC; Huang SH; Kuo YR; Lee SS (2018). A Single-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial of the Effectiveness of ANT1 Soybean Extract Cream on Skin Recovery After Nd: YAG Laser Treatment Annals of plastic surgery 80 (2S Suppl 1) :S26-S29.

[6] Park SH; Park SO; Jung JA (2025). Clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of home-used LED and IRED mask for crow's feet: A multi-center, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study Medicine 104 (7) :e41596.

[7] Stirling RJ; Haslam JD (2007). A self-reported clinical trial investigates the efficacy of 1072 nm light as an anti-ageing agent Journal of cosmetic and laser therapy : official publication of the European Society for Laser Dermatology 9 (4) :226-30.

[8] Nam CH; Park BC; Kim MH; Choi EH; Hong SP (2017). The Efficacy and Safety of 660 nm and 411 to 777 nm Light-Emitting Devices for Treating Wrinkles Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.] 43 (3) :371-380.

[9] Tao L; Wu J; Qian H; Lu Z; Li Y; Wang W; Zhao X; Tu P; Yin R; Xiang L (2015). Intense pulsed light, near infrared pulsed light, and fractional laser combination therapy for skin rejuvenation in Asian subjects: a prospective multi-center study in China Lasers in medical science 30 (7) :1977-83.

[10] Gold MH; Sensing W; Biron J (2014). Fractional Q-switched 1,064-nm laser for the treatment of photoaged-photodamaged skin Journal of cosmetic and laser therapy : official publication of the European Society for Laser Dermatology 16 (2) :69-76.

[11] Gold MH; Biron JA (2012). Treatment of acne scars by fractional bipolar radiofrequency energy Journal of cosmetic and laser therapy : official publication of the European Society for Laser Dermatology 14 (4) :172-8.

[12] Jing X; Ren J; Yang J (2025). Comparison of 1064-nm Nd: YAG picosecond laser with fractional micro-lens array and electro-optical synergy for post-acne erythema: a prospective, randomized, split-face trial Lasers in medical science 40 (1) :67.

[13] Habbema L; Verhagen R; Van Hal R; Liu Y; Varghese B (2013). Efficacy of minimally invasive nonthermal laser-induced optical breakdown technology for skin rejuvenation Lasers in medical science 28 (3) :935-40.

[14] Shin HT; Kim JH; Shim J; Lee JH; Lee DY; Lee JH; Yang JM (2015). Photodynamic therapy using a new formulation of 5-aminolevulinic acid for wrinkles in Asian skin: A randomized controlled split face study The Journal of dermatological treatment 26 (3) :246-51.

[15] Russell BA; Kellett N; Reilly LR (2005). A study to determine the efficacy of combination LED light therapy (633 nm and 830 nm) in facial skin rejuvenation Journal of cosmetic and laser therapy : official publication of the European Society for Laser Dermatology 7 (3-4) :196-200.

[16] Reich H; Wallander I; Schulte L; Goodier M; Zelickson B (2016). Treatment of Facial Photodamage With Mass Market Topical Products vs Non-ablative Fractional Laser Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD 15 (11) :1366-1372.

[17] Yaghmai D; Garden JM; Bakus AD; Gold MH; Saal BM; Goldberg DJ; Massa MC (2010). Photodamage therapy using an electro-optic Q-switched Nd:YAG laser Lasers in surgery and medicine 42 (8) :699-705.

[18] Truchuelo MT; Vitale M (2020). A cosmetic treatment based on the secretion of Cryptomphalus aspersa 40% improves the clinical results after the use of nonablative fractional laser in skin aging Journal of cosmetic dermatology 19 (3) :622-628.

[19] Zhu J; Chang R; Han Y; Xi Q; Jiang S; Shang Y; Lyu D; Yu W; Lin X (2025). Comparison of Intense Pulsed Light With Nonablative Fractional Laser and Picosecond Alexandrite Laser With Diffractive Lens Array for Noninvasive Facial Rejuvenation Lasers in surgery and medicine 57 (2) :195-203.

[20] El-Domyati M; El-Ammawi TS; Medhat W; Moawad O; Mahoney MG; Uitto J (2011). Effects of the Nd:YAG 1320-nm laser on skin rejuvenation: clinical and histological correlations Journal of cosmetic and laser therapy : official publication of the European Society for Laser Dermatology 13 (3) :98-106.

[21] Weiss RA; McDaniel DH; Weiss MA; Mahoney AM; Beasley KL; Halvorson CR (2017). Safety and efficacy of a novel diffractive lens array using a picosecond 755 nm alexandrite laser for treatment of wrinkles Lasers in surgery and medicine 49 (1) :40-44.

[22] Man J; Goldberg DJ (2012). Safety and efficacy of fractional bipolar radiofrequency treatment in Fitzpatrick skin types V-VI Journal of cosmetic and laser therapy : official publication of the European Society for Laser Dermatology 14 (4) :179-83.

[23] Bjerring P; Clement M; Heickendorff L; Lybecker H; Kiernan M (2002). Dermal collagen production following irradiation by dye laser and broadband light source Journal of cosmetic and laser therapy : official publication of the European Society for Laser Dermatology 4 (2) :39-43.

[24] Park MY; Hwang S; Chun SI; Kim SM; Almurayshid A; Oh SH (2021). A Prospective, Split-Face, Comparative Study of Combined Treatment With Fractional Microneedle Radiofrequency and Nonablative 1927-nm Fractional Thulium Fiber Laser for Wrinkle Treatment Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.] 47 (3) :e101-e105.

[25] Ancona D; Katz BE (2010). A prospective study of the improvement in periorbital wrinkles and eyebrow elevation with a novel fractional CO2 laser--the fractional eyelift Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD 9 (1) :16-21.

[26] Kim H; Park J; Zheng Z; Cho SB (2019). Low-fluenced erbium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser treatment in combination with broadband light pretreatment for various pigmentation disorders in Asian patients Journal of cosmetic dermatology 18 (6) :1657-1664.

[27] Avram DK; Goldman MP (2004). The safety and effectiveness of single-pass erbium:YAG laser in the treatment of mild to moderate photodamage Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.] 30 (8) :1073-6.

[28] Sadick NS; Trelles MA (2005). Nonablative wrinkle treatment of the face and neck using a combined diode laser and radiofrequency technology Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.] 31 (12) :1695-9.